Cows and bulls are the second most commonly consumed animals in the United Kingdom. Around half of the production comes from dairy cows that are no longer considered profitable, with the other half coming from animals specifically bred for their flesh.

Living Conditions

Likely to be mostly outdoors

No data is available for the living conditions of bulls and cows, but it is likely to be mostly outdoors

Age at Death

A majority of bulls and cows used for their flesh are killed before 2 years of age

Cows

Cows

21 months

Birth

Natural life expectancy

Method of Death

A majority of bulls and cows are killed using bolt guns

Farming Practices

Horn Mutilations

Horn Mutilations

Calves heads are permanently damaged using a hot iron to prevent horns from forming

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In British farming

Skin Mutilations

Skin Mutilations

Calves hair follicles are permanently damaged using irons cooled to well below zero as a method of identification

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In British farming

Ear Mutilations

Ear Mutilations

Calves ears are pierced or chunks are removed as a method of identification

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In British farming

Genital Mutilations

Genital Mutilations

Calves genitals are severed to make their flesh tenderer and to simplify management

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In British farming

Feedlots

Feedlots

Cows and bulls are kept in barren pens where they are fattened in the months and weeks leading up to being killed

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In British farming

Legal

Other Industries